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Introduction
Industrial wastewater is generated as a result of industrial activity. The diversity of industrial wastewater can be very significant (process water, cleaning water, refrigeration water, etc.), because it can contain pollutants of very different types.
The majority of industrial processes use water in one way or another. This water, once used, must be treated before being discharged, regardless of whether it returns to the natural environment or whether it is discharged into the sanitation network.
In the first case, the treatment must be sufficient so that the spill does not cause any environmental impact in the receiving environment; and, if the water is discharged into the public sewerage network, the composition of the wastewater must respect all the physical and chemical parameters of the standard in force. There is a third option for previously treated industrial wastewater: reuse.
As water is a natural resource that should not be wasted, the most sustainable alternative is to treat waste water in order to achieve that its quality is compatible with its reuse in the process. The ever more demanding environmental standard makes reuse, in many cases, the most competitive option.
At AD POWER WATER we work to optimize the use of water in industry, promoting its reuse after productive processes through the use of zero spill technologies, provided that these are viable from the point from an economic and environmental point of view.
When zero spillage is impossible, we apply the necessary treatments to bring it into compliance with the spillage limits established by law in order to avoid sanctions or other consequences with serious economic, social and image loss repercussions.
The treatment of industrial wastewater, in addition to making it possible to comply with current environmental legislation, offers strong added value for responsible companies aware of environmental protection.
Processes and Technologies
The most important processes when treating industrial wastewater are three:
Biological treatment
Biological treatment is the most indicated thanks to its low operating costs and it can only be used when the pollutants are biodegradable. This can be done through the use of oxygen (aerobic treatment) or in the absence of it (anaerobic treatment). In both cases, there is a wide variety of configurations and design options that vary the characteristics of the process.
Vacuum evaporation
Vacuum evaporation is the simplest, robust and economical way to deal with liquid residues, which is not possible by conventional means. This is the best alternative in many cases.
Physical-chemical purification
Treatment based on physical-chemical processes eliminates most of the pollutants present in wastewater, whether through a unitary operation or through a combination of operations.
The three types of processes are present in the AD POWER WATER offer.
Types of waters
Industrial wastewater can have a wide variety of physical and chemical characteristics and is largely dependent on the industrial process that produces it.
Therefore, industrial wastewater can be broadly classified into the following types:
- Waters with biodegradable organic matter
- Waters with non-biodegradable organic matter
- Waters with oils and fats
- Waters with heavy metals
- Saline or brine water
- Liquid industrial residues
Sectors and application
The treatment of industrial wastewater is necessary in all activities in which wastewater is generated and this necessity affects the majority of sectors transversally.
Below are indicated the most significant sectors for the generation of industrial wastewater or liquid residues, the processes in which they are generated and the most effective techniques in each case:
Food industry: In the food industry sector there are many production processes that generate wastewater, such as in the case of slaughterhouses, cured and canned fish, refiners of hams and cold meats, olives and preserves vinegar, fruit juices, appetizers based on chips, preserved vegetables and fruits, dairy products and derivatives, wine cellars, oils, fats and derivatives and preparation of drinks, among others. The waters generated in these processes generally have a high content of biodegradable materials and, in many cases, a high concentration of salts. This leads to the fact that, generally, the most competitive applications are biological processes and vacuum evaporation.
- Energy Generation : In this sector effluents are generated in desulfurization processes, in borated water purges and in turbine purges, among others. The most indicated treatments will be of a physical-chemical nature.
- Waste management : The most characteristic effluents from waste treatment plants are those that have an acidic or alkaline nature, those that contain oils and fats, used solvents and brines among others. The most effective treatment options will be physical-chemical purification and vacuum evaporation.
- Spills of urban solid waste (RUS) : When solid urban waste is spilled, leachate is generated, of very complex composition, and which is treated by vacuum evaporation to transform it into water and a solid residue.
- Chemical and pharmaceutical industry : The chemical industry is characterized by the generation of industrial wastewater of very different natures due to the variety of chemical processes it uses (basic chemicals, dyes and pigments, fertilizers, pesticides and agrochemicals, paints, varnishes and coatings , pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products and perfumes, essential oils and soap, detergents and cleaning products among others).For the purification of this wide variety of wastewater we need practically all the available treatments, depending on the water typology, some are more competitive than others, but in the end each method proves optimal in a certain case.
- Textile industry : In the textile industry wastewater with organic matter, suspended solids and color is generated. Depending on the textile activity, wastewater may contain high pollutant loads.
- Power generation plants and the oil and gas sector : The main wastewaters generated in this sector are perforation fluids, brines, flotation and concentration waters and gas scrubber effluents.
- Metal and surface treatment industry : The metallurgical and surface treatment industry generates a wide variety of industrial wastewater. The most common are oil emulsions, spent paint pretreatment baths, spent electroplating and surface treatment baths, non-destructive test waters with penetrating liquids, washing machines and degreasing lines, compressor purges, cabin waters liquid paint and cleaning solvents among others.
- Glass and ceramic industry : In this type of industry, the production of manufacturing reactor wash water, brines and saline water is common.
Technical offer
We design and manufacture installations for the treatment of wastewater generated in industrial activities. Our team of engineers has excellent technological knowledge as well as extensive experience in designing efficient processes that ensure compliance with current regulations.
AD POWER WATER, we provide industrial wastewater treatment systems for the management of effluents generated in all types of industrial activities. We can install wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of the main pollutants that may be present in an industrial effluent, such as brines, organic matter, metals, detergents, oils, pesticides, nitrates, phosphates, etc.
We undertake, design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of industrial wastewater treatment plants, which allows us to implement the most efficient and competitive wastewater treatment process that best suits to the needs of each customer. The technologies used in each installation depend on different factors, such as:
- The characterization of waste water,
- The available energy sources,
- Operating costs, etc.
1 - Project organization
When a customer submits a request to us to treat their wastewater, here are the most common steps we follow:
- Characterization of wastewater and study of existing technologies for the management of the client's wastewater. First estimate of the necessary investment, operating costs and return on investment.
- Laboratory tests to analyze the results of the proposed solution and guarantee its effectiveness and viability. AD POWER WATER has more than 2,000 laboratory tests with different industrial effluents.
- Conceptual design of the most suitable treatment system using technologies provided by partner manufacturers and internal solutions.
- Design and execution of pilot tests on an industrial scale. If the effluent does not resemble any previously tested effluent, we can verify the efficiency and scalability of the installation with a pilot test on an industrial scale.
- Basic and detailed engineering of the processing plant. Sizing of peripheral equipment, main equipment, design of piping, suction ducts, pumping, storage and control architecture. We carry out turnkey projects with installation and commissioning.
- Design, purchase of equipment elements and supply of equipment.
- After-sales support service. Spare parts, chemicals, preventive and corrective maintenance.
2 - Techniques Used
Among the techniques that AD POWER WATER puts into practice to obtain the optimal solution in each case, we find the following methods:
- Biological treatment
- Vacuum evaporation
- Physical-chemical treatment
The right combination of these processes and their precise sizing by AD POWER WATER are the keys to success in the projects we carry out.
Biological Treatment
When pollution is biodegradable, the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus is possible through this process, which is economical and efficient. Biological treatment can be aerobic or anaerobic, depending on what is most beneficial in each case.
The treatment techniques based on a biological process available to AD POWER WATER are as follows:
- Activated Sludge: With suspended biomass, if space is available, this is an economical and efficient process.
- Sequential Biological Reactor (SBR): Compact, intermittent process that is characterized by its versatility and flexibility.
- Membrane Biological Reactor (MBR): Requires little space, has high efficiency and high effluent quality.
- Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR): Characterized by a fixed biomass, thus achieving high efficiency.
- Biocarb: Process developed by AD POWER WATER, with fixed biomass and which offers a very efficient and competitive alternative.
- UASB reactor: Anaerobic process particularly economical when the organic loads to be treated are high.
- RAFAC: Process developed by AD POWER WATER, anaerobic, suitable for treating high organic loads. Very competitive process.
Vacuum evaporation
This technique, in which AD POWER WATER demonstrates all its know-how, is ideal for the treatment of liquid industrial residues and complex mixtures.
This requires a clean, compact, versatile and highly efficient process. If necessary, it helps prevent the generation of liquid spills.
The range of vacuum evaporators offers equipment of three different types, each with its specificities regarding their use:
- Low temperature vacuum evaporators by heat pump
- High temperature vacuum evaporators not mechanical vapor compression
- Multiple effect vacuum evaporators
Physical – Chemical Treatment
This treatment refers to a wide variety of techniques which, alone or combined, make it possible to deal with several types of pollutants (oils and greases, suspended particles, colloidal substances, color, non-biodegradable organic matter, dissolved metals, hydrocarbons, etc. ).
The most notable unit operations for removing these pollutants are as follows:
- Flotation
- Decantation
- Precipitation
- Coagulation-flocculation
- Neutralization
- Adsorption
- Filtering
- Electrocoagulation
- Advanced oxidation